| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Cannabidiol |
| Formula | C₂₁H₃₀O₂ |
| Molar Mass | 314.464 g/mol |
| Type | Cannabinoid |
| Discovered | 1940 |
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid found in cannabis , accounting for up to 40% of the plant’s extract in some strains. Unlike THC , CBD does not produce psychoactive effects, making it an attractive option for those seeking therapeutic benefits without the “high.”
History
CBD was first isolated in 1940 by American chemist Roger Adams at the University of Illinois. However, its chemical structure wasn’t fully elucidated until 1963 by Raphael Mechoulam and Yuval Shvo in Israel—one year before Mechoulam’s team isolated THC .
How CBD Works
CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system differently than THC . Rather than binding directly to CB1 receptors , CBD has a low affinity for these receptors and instead influences the system through indirect mechanisms.
Mechanisms of Action
- Modulates CB1 receptors - May reduce THC’s psychoactive effects
- Activates serotonin receptors - Particularly the 5-HT1A receptor
- Inhibits anandamide reuptake - Increasing endocannabinoid levels
- Interacts with TRPV1 receptors - Involved in pain perception
Effects
CBD is generally well-tolerated and produces subtle effects:
- Relaxation without intoxication
- Reduced anxiety and stress
- Anti-inflammatory properties
- No impairment of cognitive function
- No euphoric “high”
Medical Applications
CBD has garnered significant research interest for various conditions:
- Epilepsy - Epidiolex (CBD) is FDA-approved for certain seizure disorders
- Anxiety disorders - Showing promise in clinical studies
- Chronic pain - Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties
- Sleep disorders - May improve sleep quality
- Neuroprotection - Being studied for neurodegenerative diseases
CBD vs THC
| Aspect | CBD | THC |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoactive | No | Yes |
| Legal Status | Widely legal | Varies by jurisdiction |
| Drug Tests | Usually not detected | Detected |
| Side Effects | Minimal | More pronounced |
Sources of CBD
CBD can be derived from both hemp and marijuana plants. Hemp-derived CBD (containing less than 0.3% THC) is legal in many jurisdictions where marijuana remains restricted.